Benchmark: T1098.001 Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Credentials
Overview
Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.
For example, adversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure / Entra ID. These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords. With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.
In infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access through Cloud Accounts, adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either the CreateKeyPair
or ImportKeyPair
API in AWS or the gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add
command in GCP. This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.
Adversaries may also use the CreateAccessKey
API in AWS or the gcloud iam service-accounts keys create
command in GCP to add access keys to an account. Alternatively, they may use the CreateLoginProfile
API in AWS to add a password that can be used to log into the AWS Management Console for Cloud Service Dashboard. If the target account has different permissions from the requesting account, the adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges in the environment (i.e. Cloud Accounts). For example, in Entra ID environments, an adversary with the Application Administrator role can add a new set of credentials to their application's service principal. In doing so the adversary would be able to access the service principal’s roles and permissions, which may be different from those of the Application Administrator.
In AWS environments, adversaries with the appropriate permissions may also use the sts:GetFederationToken
API call to create a temporary set of credentials to Forge Web Credentials tied to the permissions of the original user account. These temporary credentials may remain valid for the duration of their lifetime even if the original account’s API credentials are deactivated.
In Entra ID environments with the app password feature enabled, adversaries may be able to add an app password to a user account. As app passwords are intended to be used with legacy devices that do not support multi-factor authentication (MFA), adding an app password can allow an adversary to bypass MFA requirements. Additionally, app passwords may remain valid even if the user’s primary password is reset.
Usage
Install the mod:
mkdir dashboardscd dashboardspowerpipe mod initpowerpipe mod install github.com/turbot/tailpipe-mod-github-audit-log-detections
Start the Powerpipe server:
powerpipe server
Open http://localhost:9033 in your browser and select T1098.001 Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Credentials.
Run this benchmark in your terminal:
powerpipe benchmark run github_audit_log_detections.benchmark.mitre_attack_v161_ta0003_t1098_001
Snapshot and share results via Turbot Pipes:
powerpipe benchmark run github_audit_log_detections.benchmark.mitre_attack_v161_ta0003_t1098_001 --share